- Safety’ as a whole may be interpreted as the proper planning of work, proper usage of safety tools, adopting safety procedures and exercise of good judgment and intelligent supervision. Experience speaks, majority of the accidents occurred previously for:
- over confidence
- Negligence which could have been prevented by adhering to Safety Rules and Safety Practices.
- Avoidance of accidents requires the whole hearted co-operation of all employees of the organization. Generally sincere, knowledgeable and mentally alert employees avoid accidents.
- Unsafe employee is a liability to the organization. He is a danger to himself, his fellow workers, his family, the public and the Organisation at large.
- Accident occur due to
- Lack of adequate knowledge, carelessness, over confidence and inattentiveness in work.
- Non-adherence of the safety rules.
- Non-usage of proper safety gadgets for the specific work.
- Lack of safety training and mock drills at working place.
- Following factors may lead to an accident in a Transmission Grid Sub-station
- Lack of knowledge on the existing Incoming & Outgoing Supply system, Bus system, A/C & DC distribution system, earthing position of the Grid.
- Lack of knowledge on the existing equipment of the Grid.
- Lack of knowledge on the OPTCL Line Clear (L/C) Requisition, Issue & Return procedure.
- Working without availing L/C.
- Carrying out the work without PEP talk.
- Working, after consumption of alcohol or other narcotics.
- Working without authority.
- Operating the Equipments/Switches without knowledge about the same.
- Working without hand tripping the related Breaker (with all the three limbs opened) and opening Isolators from both the BUS and LINE side of a system.
- Working without the related FUSES removed from the concerned Control and Relay Panels.
- Opening of Isolators or earth switch etc. without wearing hand gloves.
- Working on a Double Isolator where one side is charged through Bus Coupler.
- Working while simultaneously using electronic gadgets like mobile phones, tabs etc.
- Entering the Switch yard without wearing Safety Helmet, Safety Boot and other Personal Protective Equipments (PPE).
- Working without the work place being demarcated / cordoned by Safety Ribbon.
- Working without using danger sign boards and signal flags displayed both at field and control room.
- Working with unqualified or semi-qualified workmen having in-adequate expertise.
- Working without permanent and temporary earthing wherever required.
- Working unsafely such as throwing materials or tools, to another worker, jumping from platform/ladders/structures.
- Working with inoperative / improper safety devices.
- Using unsafe equipment, wrong tools for the job, or using bare hands instead of proper hand tools/gloves.
- Distracting, teasing practical joking, horseplay, quarrelling or annoying among each other.
- Failure to use safe clothing i.e. tight dress with the shirt inserted the pant, no neckties or jewellery.
- Asking the subordinate to supervise the work & leaving the site.
- Non adoption of the practice that all light equipment and tools to be used in the overhead works , should be raised and lowered by means of hand line and canvas bucket, other suitable container, and men on the ground should stay clear of overhead work to prevent being struck by falling objects.
- Using unsafe equipment or using equipment improperly such as using dull cutting tools or mushroom head chisels, pipe extensions on wrenches not designed for a particular work, wrong tool for the job, using hands instead of hand tools.
- Unsafe Loading, Placing or Mixing such as overloading cranes and winches, carrying too heavy load, leaving objects on a top from where they are likely to fall , improper packing.
- Conditions which may result in accidents include the following:-
- Ignorance of rules and regulations related to the work may result in accidents to one and his co-workers.
- No operation or activity is so urgent that it has to be performed in an unsafe manner and at the cost of one’s safety.
- Doing a job with overconfidence and in a confused manner.
- Inaction towards safety non-conformities that may lead to accident.
- Unguarded equipments such as unshielded moving parts of machines, saws, etc. and un-barricaded floor opening and excavations.
- Use of defective material or equipment such as mushroomed chisels, split handles, poorly constructed scaffolding, broken ladder, torn gloves etc.
- Improper illumination such as insufficient light or unsuitable location producing glare or objectionable shadows.
- Unsafe design and construction, such as poor scaffolding and structure, structures like platforms having low safety factors, and their construction and design in general not conforming to the required safety norms..
- A/C, D/C, control cable running together.
- Power cable for lighting / air compressor / air conditioner being run together with Common switch box and with less capacity switches.
- Control cable and power cable running together.
- Sacrificing safety for speed OR early completion of the work.
- The person-in-charge of work failing to ensure himself that the power mains & the apparatus are free from dangerous leakage or induction and has been effectively earthed locally before permitting men to work upon it.
- Failure to place warning boards by the person-in-charge on all switchgear before men are permitted to work which should only be removed by the person who has placed them. It is desirable that the person issuing the L/C shall place one warning board on the switch energizing the mains for each L/C issued so that he can be sure that all the L/C-to-work are returned when he has so charge the mains.
- Visitors and unauthorized persons shall not be allowed to remain in the vicinity of live mains and apparatus, unless accompanied by an authorized person whose responsibility would be to ensure that his instructions regarding safety are strictly complied with.
- Skipping regular safety meetings and mock drills at work place.
- Compromising quality or IS standard equipment while purchasing.
- Execution of work with stress full mind or unhealthy conditions.
- Inadequate numbers of fire safety equipments at work place.
- Improper ventilation, sanitisation and housekeeping in closed rooms.
- Leaving the working area without cleaning the used tools & tackles and scarps.
- Improper storage of materials especially flammable liquids.
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